Scientific Journal of Pazhuhesh-e Honar

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The most important factor in creating motifs in Turkmen carpet is the surrounding environment and the mentality of the Turkmen woman, including ram that has been considered as an effective factor in their lives. Ghouchak motif that comes from the Turkmen weavers' mentality regarding an animal in their surroundings is one of the most widely used designs that is seen in their lives. Ghouchak (horn of a ram) is a practical, religious and ritual symbol that is used not only in Turkmen carpets but also in other arts of this tribe such as gravestones, Namazlighs, jewelry and needlework. Therefore, this study tries to categorize the content (beliefs, customs of Ghouchak form among Turkmen people) and the structure (analyzing the Ghouchak form in Turkmen carpet). The statistical population of the present article consists of five carpets in sizes of 6 and 12 meters, and the sample size includes 30 Ghouchak motifs which are currently used in other Turkmen arts. This article that uses descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer this question: what are the content and structural principles of different types of Ghouchak motifs in Turkmen carpets? The results show that the content of Ghouchak motif emanates from Turkmen's mentality, with various interpretations such as courage, power, and fertility derived from it, which have been the interface of past generations and the present day.

Keywords: Content, Structure, Turkmen Folk, Turkmen Carpet, Qouchak Motifs

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