fa معرفی برخی مؤلفه‌های محتوایی و ساختاری نقش‌مایه قوچک در قالی ترکمن جامعه شناسی و هنر جامعه شناسی و هنر پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">مهم</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">ترین عامل ایجاد نقوش ذهنی در قالی ترکمن، محیط پیرامون و ذهنیت زن ترکمن است، </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">از</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">این میان</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">توان به حیوان قوچ اشاره کرد که در زندگی ترکمن</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">ها به</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">عنوان یک عامل مؤثر وجود داشته و دارد. نقش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">مایه قوچک برگرفته از ذهنیت بافنده ترکمنی از </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">حیوان</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">قوچ موجود در محیط اطراف خود، یکی از پرکاربردترین نقوشی است که در زندگی این قوم مشاهده می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">شود. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">قوچک (شاخ قوچ)، یک نماد کاربردی، آیینی و مذهبی است که نه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">تنها در </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">قالی</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">ترکمن، بلکه در دیگر هنرهای این قوم نظیر سنگ قبور، نمازلیق</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">ها، جواهرات و سوزن</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17);">دوزی </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">استفاده می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">کنند</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">؛ از این</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">رو در این مقاله، به </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">دسته</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">بندی محتوا (اعتقادات، آداب</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">ورسوم فرم قوچک در قوم ترکمن) و ساختار (تحلیل فرم قوچک در قالی ترکمن) پرداخته خواهد شد. این مقاله به</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">روش توصیفی </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: times new roman,serif;"><span style="color: black;">&ndash;</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;"> تحلیلی </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">و </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">جامعه آماری شامل پنج تخته قالی در اندازه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">های </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">6</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">و </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">12</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">متری و حجم نمونه تحلیل، </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">30</span></span></span> <span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">نقش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">مایه قوچک است که در حال حاضر نیز در سایر هنرهای ترکمن استفاده می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">شود. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">این </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">مقاله در صدد پاسخ به این مسأله است که اصول محتوایی و ساختاری انواع مختلف نقش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">مایه قوچک در قالی ترکمن کدام هستند؟ نتایج به</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">دست</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;"> آمده نشان می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">دهند که محتوای نقش قوچک (شاخ قوچ)، برگرفته از ذهنیت ترکمانان است که نزد خود آنها تعابیر گوناگونی هم</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">چون شجاعت، قدرت و باروری از آن استنتاج می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">شود که این ویژگی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">ها، رابط نسل</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">های گذشته تا به امروز بوده</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">اند. شاخ قوچ در فرهنگ</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">های مختلف با تعابیر دیگری هم</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">چون ثروت، چشم</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: calibri;">‌</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span style="font-family: b nazanin;"><span style="color: black;">زخم و طلب مراد نیز کاربرد دارد.</span></span></span> The most important factor in creating motifs in Turkmen carpet is the surrounding environment and the mentality of the Turkmen woman, including ram that has been considered as an effective factor in their lives. Ghouchak motif that comes from the Turkmen weavers&#39; mentality regarding an animal in their surroundings is one of the most widely used designs that is seen in their lives. Ghouchak (horn of a ram) is a practical, religious and ritual symbol that is used not only in Turkmen carpets but also in other arts of this tribe such as gravestones, Namazlighs, jewelry and needlework. Therefore, this study tries to categorize the content (beliefs, customs of Ghouchak form among Turkmen people) and the structure (analyzing the Ghouchak form in Turkmen carpet). The statistical population of the present article consists of five carpets in sizes of <span dir="RTL">6 </span>and <span dir="RTL">12 </span>meters, and the sample size includes <span dir="RTL">30 </span>Ghouchak motifs which are currently used in other Turkmen arts. This article that uses descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer this question: what are the content and structural principles of different types of Ghouchak motifs in Turkmen carpets? The results show that the content of Ghouchak motif emanates from Turkmen&#39;s mentality, with various interpretations such as courage, power, and fertility derived from it, which have been the interface of past generations and the present day<span dir="RTL">. </span> محتوا, ساختار, قوم ترکمن, قالی ترکمن, نقش‌مایه قوچک Content, Structure, Turkmen Folk, Turkmen Carpet, Qouchak Motifs 27 39 http://ph.aui.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1139-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 شراره جلالی SHARAREHJALALI.SJ@GMAIL.COM 10031947532846003395 10031947532846003395 No دانشگاه آزاد نجف آیاد اصغر جوانی a_javaniart@yahoo.com 10031947532846003396 10031947532846003396 Yes دانشگاه هنر اصفهان افسانه قانی Afsanehghani@gmail.com 10031947532846003397 10031947532846003397 No دانشگاه هنر و علوم انسانی شهرکرد