Scientific Journal of Pazhuhesh-e Honar
دوفصلنامه علمی پژوهش هنر
PH
Art & Architecture
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تحلیل گفتمان مفهوم تفاوت در هنرهای تجسمیِ نوشتارمحور پس از انقلاب 57 ایران بر اساس آراء ارنستو لاکلاو و شانتل موفه
Discourse Analysis of the Concept of “Difference” in Writing-oriented Visual Arts after the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979 of Iran
هنرهاي تجسمي
هنرهاي تجسمي
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="line-height:17pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="color:black"><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">عناصر نوشتاری در آثار تجسمی ایران از دیرباز تاکنون سرگذشتی پیچیده و جذاب دارد. هدف این نوشتار اما مطالعه تأثیر «روابط معنی» در میدان</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">های گفتمانی بر سوژه و متعاقباً شکل</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">گیری جریان‏های متفاوت در آثار تجسمیِ نوشتارمحور است. از آن</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">جایی که در روش تحلیل گفتمان لاکلاو و موفه، گفتمان نظامی از «هستارهای افتراقی» تعریف شده است که پیرامون تولید معنا شکل می</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">گیرد؛ پرداختن به «تفاوت</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">ها»</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA"> می</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">تواند بیان</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">گر چراییِ چرخش</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">های گفتمان فرهنگی و خلق سامانه‏های معناییِ نو در آثار هنری باشد. معنای یک نشانه در جریان شکل</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">گیری</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">اش به غیریت‏سازی نیاز دارد. این «غیر» یا «عناصر در حاشیه» همان تفاوت‏ها هستند که در چارچوب تولیدِ اجتماعیِ معنا به یک «نشانه» تقلیل پیدا نکرده‏اند و از راه فروپاشی زنجیره</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">های هم</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">ارزی موجود و مفصل</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">بندیِ دگرباره این عناصر در نظم‏های جدید عمل می</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">کنند. پرسش اصلی پژوهش این است که چگونه عناصر نوشتاری در هنرهای تجسمی معاصر از سامانه معنایی غالب فاصله گرفته و با قرارگرفتن در نظام معنایی جدید موجب خلق آثارِ متفاوت می</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">گردند؟</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><b> </b></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">روش تحقیق در مقاله پیش رو، تحلیل گفتمان است و شیوه جمع</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">آوری داده‏ها، به</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">صورت میدانی و کتابخانه</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">ای و مراجعه به اسناد آرشیوی بصورت فیش</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">برداری </span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">انجام شده است.</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><b> </b></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">با تحلیل گفتمان</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">های فرهنگیِ موردنظر و بررسیِ آثار هر دوره، درمی</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">یابیم که</span></span></span> <span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">با هژمونی شدن دالِ مرکزیِ «اسلامی» در دهه اولِ پس از انقلاب، عناصری مانند فرمالیسمِ حروف، وجوه ملی‏گرایانه، جهانی‏شدن، روایت‏های شخصی، امر روزمره و دغدغه‏های معاصریت از سیاست فرهنگیِ ایرانی-اسلامی غیریت‏سازی شدند. با «ازجاشدگی» و بی</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR"></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">قراری دالِ مرکزی اسلامی در دهه 70 و امکانِ سرریزشدنِ سایر معناها به درون کلیتِ گفتمان،</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span style="color:#231f20"><b> </b></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">تفاوت‏ها و آثار متفاوت رو به فزونی گرفته است. با آن</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">که مجدداً در دهه 80 دال مرکزیِ اسلامی با هدف بازگشت به سیاست</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">گذاری</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA"> فرهنگیِ گذشته بازمفصل‏بندی شد، اما آفرینش آثار متفاوت همچنان به قوت خود باقی</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA"> ماند. گرچه غیریت‏سازی‏ها در کلیه گفتمان</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">های پس از انقلاب از طریق مرزبندی منفی در سیاست</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA">گذاری</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA">‎</span></span></span><span class="fontstyle11"><span style="color:black"><span lang="AR-SA"> فرهنگی صورت گرفته، اما اثر آن در افزایش آثارِ متفاوت مثبت و مولد بوده است. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">The</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">literary elements in Iranian visual arts have had</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:">a complex and alluring history</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">from ancient times to the</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">present. The aim of this paper, however, is to draw</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">attention to aspects of this history shaped by elements on</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">the fields of discursively, which have led to the emergence</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">of different types of literary elements in contemporary visual arts</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">.</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">Even a cursory review indicates that the use of</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">letters in visual arts has undergone such transformations that it</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">challenges the fixed beliefs and deterministic propositions of traditional approaches</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">such as calligraphy in the cultural discourse since Iran</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">’</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">s</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">’ </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">revolution in 1979</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">This research, relying on the discourse analysis</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">method of Laclau and Mouffe, intends to analyze artistic flows</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">to show the conflicts over the definition and stabilization of</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">meaning in this field. Conflicts whose social effects lead to</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">different formulations of the presence of written elements in visual</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">arts. The special prominence of the upcoming research is to</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">reveal the marginalized elements that appear in the moments of</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">unrest and instability of the discourse and challenge the hegemony</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">of the central discourse. The discourse analysis provides us with</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">the opportunity of examining the differing positions of actors within</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">a discursive space and to explore the contexts of text</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">production. Such artworks meaningfully diverge from collective identities such as</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">religion, revolution, war, and social contradictions and discuss them in</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">a personal and critical manner. Before sending any messages, such</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">artworks include a kind of over-connotation that could be</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">summarized in this phrase: The subject</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">’</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">s effort to position</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">signs within a new chain of equivalence for creating a</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">novel semantic system. These artists play the role of agents</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">in the reproduction and transformation of the power circumstances, with</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">their distinctive creativity. This research endeavors to reflect on how</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">and under what discursive conditions the artist, by creating a</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">new semantic system, emphasizes the agency of the subject in</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">such a way that it generates a new discourse. The</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">methodology of investigation in the present research is discourse analysis</span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">and the method of information collection is library-based, including</span></span></span></span> <span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#1d2228">the review of archival documents and observational </span></span></span></span></div>
تحلیل گفتمان لاکلاو و موفه, تفاوت, هنرهای تصویری نوشتارمحور, انقلاب 57 ایران
Discourse analysis of Laclau and Mouffe, Difference, Writing-oriented visual arts, 1979 revolution of Iran
1
16
http://ph.aui.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2310-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
سارا
جوانمرد تقی آباد
sarajavanmard@yahoo.com
10031947532846008145
10031947532846008145
Yes
Art university of Isfahan
دانشگاه هنر اصفهان
نادر
شایگان فر
n.shayganfar@aui.ac.ir
10031947532846008146
10031947532846008146
No
Art university of Isfahan
دانشگاه هنر اصفهان