scientific journal of Pazhuhesh-e Honar
دوفصلنامه علمی پژوهش هنر
SciJPH
Art & Architecture
http://ph.aui.ac.ir
1
admin
2345-3834
2538-2853
10.52547/ph
2345-3834
fa
jalali
1399
10
1
gregorian
2021
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20
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مطالعه بازنمایی شخصیت در آثار پیکرهنگاری صنیعالملک غفاری*
Studying the Representation of Personality in the Figure painting of Sani-Ol-Molk
هنرهاي تجسمي
هنرهاي تجسمي
پژوهشي
Research
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="color:black;">ابوالحسن</span> <span style="color:black;">‏‏</span><span style="color:black;">غفاری</span> <span style="color:black;">کاشانی</span> <span style="color:black;">ملقب</span> <span style="color:black;">به</span> <span style="color:black;">صنیع</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‎</span></span><span style="color:black;">الملک،</span> <span style="color:black;">تصویرگر</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">پیکره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">نگار</span> <span style="color:black;">نامی</span> <span style="color:black;">عصر</span> <span style="color:black;">قاجار</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">پیشگامان</span> <span style="color:black;">فن</span> <span style="color:black;">شبیه‏ سازی‏</span> <span style="color:black;">چهره</span> <span style="color:black;">به‏</span> <span style="color:black;">شمار</span> <span style="color:black;">می‏ آید</span><span style="color:black;">. </span><span style="color:black;">وی</span> <span style="color:black;">در</span> <span style="color:black;">ترسیم</span> <span style="color:black;">پیکره ‏‏ها،</span> <span style="color:black;">تدابیر</span> <span style="color:black;">بدیع</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">منحصربه</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">فردی</span> <span style="color:black;">را</span> <span style="color:black;">با</span> <span style="color:black;">الهام</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">هنر</span> <span style="color:black;">آرمان‏ گرای</span> <span style="color:black;">ایرانی</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">هنر</span> <span style="color:black;">واقعیت</span><span style="color:black;">‏</span><span style="color:black;">گرای</span> <span style="color:black;">اروپایی</span> به کار بسته <span style="color:black;">است</span><span style="color:black;">. </span><span style="color:black;">یکی</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">مشخصه ‏های</span> <span style="color:black;">برجسته</span> <span style="color:black;">در</span> <span style="color:black;">پیکره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">نگاری </span><span style="color:black;">های </span><span style="color:black;">هنرمند،</span> <span style="color:black;">توجه</span> <span style="color:black;">ویژه</span> <span style="color:black;">به</span> <span style="color:black;">بازنمایی</span> <span style="color:black;">شخصیت</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">نمایش</span> <span style="color:black;">خصوصیات</span> <span style="color:black;">درونی</span> <span style="color:black;">افراد</span> <span style="color:black;">است؛</span> <span style="color:black;">مشخصه</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">ای</span> <span style="color:black;">که</span> <span style="color:black;">پیش</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">این</span> <span style="color:black;">در</span> <span style="color:black;">هنر</span> <span style="color:black;">نقاشی</span> <span style="color:black;">ایران</span> <span style="color:black;">متداول</span> <span style="color:black;">نبوده</span> <span style="color:black;">است</span><span style="color:black;">. </span><span style="color:black;">هدف</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">پژوهش</span><span style="color:black;">‏ </span><span style="color:black;">حاضر،</span> <span style="color:black;">شناسایی</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">بازیابی</span> <span style="color:black;">این</span> <span style="color:black;">وجه</span> <span style="color:black;">مهم</span> <span style="color:black;">در</span> <span style="color:black;">آثار</span> <span style="color:black;">هنرمند</span> <span style="color:black;">است</span><span style="color:black;">. </span><span style="color:black;">پرسش</span> <span style="color:black;">اصلی</span> <span style="color:black;">این</span> <span style="color:black;">است</span> <span style="color:black;">که</span> <span style="color:black;">نحوه</span> <span style="color:black;">بازنمایی</span> <span style="color:black;">شخصیت</span> <span style="color:black;">در</span> <span style="color:black;">آثار</span> <span style="color:black;">پیکره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">نگاری</span> <span style="color:black;">صنیع</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">الملک</span> <span style="color:black;">چگونه</span> <span style="color:black;">بوده</span> <span style="color:black;">است</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">او</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">چه</span> <span style="color:black;">نوع</span> <span style="color:black;">تمهیدات</span> <span style="color:black;">بصری</span> <span style="color:black;">برای</span> <span style="color:black;">نمایش</span> <span style="color:black;">بهتر</span> <span style="color:black;">این</span> <span style="color:black;">خصوصیات</span> <span style="color:black;">بهره</span> <span style="color:black;">گرفته</span> <span style="color:black;">است؟</span> <span style="color:black;">بر</span> <span style="color:black;">این اساس</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">با مطالعه‏ نمونه ‏هایی</span> <span style="color:black;">از پیکره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">نگار‏ه ‏های صنیع ‏الملک، به</span> <span style="color:black;">‏شیو</span><span style="color:black;">ه</span> <span style="color:black;">توصیفی- تحلیلی، نحوه و چگونگی بازنمایی حالات و ویژگی‏ های درونی شخصیت‏ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‏دهند که مسئله اهتمام به وجوه پنهانی و درونی افراد، همپای توجه به خصوصیات ظاهریِ آنها،</span> <span style="color:black;">نزد هنرمند</span> <span style="color:black;">حائز اهمیت و ارزش بوده است. وی در نمایش این خصوصیات،</span> <span style="color:black;">باورداشت‏ ها</span> <span style="color:black;">و </span><span style="color:black;">اندیشه ‏های‏</span> <span style="color:black;">ذهنی‏ خویش از شخصیت ‏ها را معیار قضاوت قرار داده و به مدد</span> <span style="color:black;">مجموعه‏ ای از تمهیدات بصری چون؛ ارزش‏گذاری بر برخی عناصر مؤثر در رخساره، تأکید مشخص بر بخش‏هایی</span> <span style="color:black;">‏</span><span style="color:black;">از اجزای پیکره و نیز تغییر در ابعاد و تناسبات بدن و جامگان، خصلت‏ های درونی هر فرد را در سیما و اندام او متبلور ساخته است</span><span style="color:black;">. </span><span style="color:black;">بدین‏سان،</span> <span style="color:black;">آنگاه که مخاطب آثار هنرمند در مقابل این تابلوها به نظاره می</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">ایستد،</span> <span style="color:black;">خصلت‏ هایی چون؛</span> <span style="color:black;">وقار و نجابت،</span> <span style="color:black;">فرومایگی</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">زبونی،</span> <span style="color:black;">قدرت</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">غرور،</span> <span style="color:black;">مکر</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">حیله</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">گری</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">غیره</span> <span style="color:black;">را -که</span> <span style="color:black;">بازتابی</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">دیدگاه</span> <span style="color:black;">و</span> <span style="color:black;">نظر</span> <span style="color:black;">هنرمند</span> <span style="color:black;">در</span> <span style="color:black;">مورد</span> <span style="color:black;">شخصیت</span><span style="color:black;">‏ها </span><span style="color:black;">هستند</span><span style="color:black;">- </span><span style="color:black;">به</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"></span></span><span style="color:black;">خوبی</span> <span style="color:black;">از</span> <span style="color:black;">سیمای آنها</span> <span style="color:black;">درک</span> <span style="color:black;">می ‏نماید</span><span style="color:black;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;">Abolhassan Ghaffari Kashani, known as Sania Ol-Molk, is a well-known figure painter of the Qajar era and one of the pioneers of realistic portraiture. In drawing the figure, he has used innovative and unique methods inspired by Iranian idealistic art and European realist art. One of the special features of Sani Ol<span dir="RTL">-</span>Molk<span dir="RTL">’</span>s figure paintings is his special attention to representing the inner qualities and mental characteristics of individuals; a feature that has not been common in Persian painting before. The purpose of the present study is to identify and retrieve this feature in his artworks. The most important question that forms the basis of this study is How is the representation of personality in Sani-Ol-Molk<span dir="RTL">’</span>s figure painting and What kind of visual arrangements has the artist used to better display these features? Accordingly, by selecting samples of the Sani-Ol-Molk<span dir="RTL">’</span>s figure paintings, the descriptive-analytical method, how the representation of characters and their internal characteristics<span dir="RTL">, </span>are studied. The results of the study show that the issue of paying attention to the hidden and intrinsic aspects<span dir="RTL">, </span>as well as paying attention to the facial features of the individuals, has been of great importance to the artist<span dir="RTL">. </span>In displaying these traits, he judges his own beliefs and mental thoughts of the characters, and with the help of a series of visual measures such as valuing some of the effective elements on the face, the particular emphasis on parts of the body parts as well as changes in the dimensions and proportions of the body and clothing have shaped each person<span dir="RTL">’</span>s inner traits in his or her face and body. Thus when the audience of the artist<span dir="RTL">’</span>s works stands in front of these paintings, he understands features like dignity and decency, humility and eloquence, power and pride, trick and crafty which are the reflection of the artist<span dir="RTL">’</span>s point of view and opinion about the characters<span dir="RTL">, </span>from their appearance<span dir="RTL">.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span></p>
صنیعالملک, بازنمایی شخصیت, پیکرهنگاری, چهرهنگاری
Sani-Ol-Molk, Psychological features, Figure painting, Portrait painting
45
62
http://ph.aui.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1548-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Maryam
Kahvand
مریم
کهوند
kahvand@art.ac.ir
10031947532846006274
10031947532846006274
No
Tehran University of Art
Mohammad Reza
Rafizadeh
محمدرضا
رفیع زاده مژدهی
mr.rafizadeh@yahoo.com
10031947532846006275
10031947532846006275
Yes